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Even when were not aware of it, were using many of the same rhetorical techniques Aristotle, Cicero, Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglass. Alexander Drive, P.O. Why does Henry use the term "gentlemen" twice in the first two sentences? In this antithesis, Henry is putting forward two radically distinct visions of America's future before his listeners and demanding that they choose between them. The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Henry first mentions slavery in paragraph one when he contrasts it with freedom. 0000000016 00000 n Will it be the next week, or the next year? Henry is implying that not seeing or listening to his argument will lead to destruction. His use of pronouns reinforces the idea that the chains heard in Boston are also the chains of Virginians. Henry emphasizes the seriousness of the military response that Great Britain has already displayed. Henry uses this term again to show and explain how the people cannot dream or imagine hope being so easy to obtain. The main point of the "if then" statement in paragraph 3 explains that if they want independence, then they have to fight. He states in sentence 68, the next gale will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms., 38. It illustrates the positive qualities of the people fighting in the battle. The Temptations have a song called My Girl. Theres a line in it that goes like this. And if you're interested in the controversy over whether he said "a man" or merely "man," you might enjoy this article. "The sunlight that brought light and healing to you has brought stripes and death to me. Two hundred forty years ago today, Patrick Henry made his immortal cry, "Give me liberty or give me death!" The statement came at the end of a speech Henry made to the Virginia House of. Henry does this in sentences 11 and 12. Cite evidence from the text. Our online magazine with tips, news, and instruction for you. For one thing, poets tend to reveal personal parts of themselves, the parts that are usually hidden in everyday interactions yet are always lurking beneath the surface. Consider sentence 40, especially the verbs. Henry's feet are guided by one lamp and that is the lamp of experience. 27. Henry says, ''Are we disposed to be of the number of those who having eyes see not, and having ears hear not, the things whichso nearly concern their temporal salvation?'' What is the effect of this contrast? Resenting this British interference with local government, the members of the House of Burgesses regrouped as a state convention. "There is no longer any room for hope. 15. A love sonnet can raise our spirits and remind us of cherished times, while a soliloquy can let us into a characters deepest and darkest thoughts. And, if you havent watched the footage, I recommend that you do. The teachers guide includes a background note, the text analysiswithresponses to the close reading questions, access to the interactive exercises, and a follow-up assignment. This addresses one of the objections made by southern colonies to taking up arms against the British that the trouble was centered in Massachusetts, not Virginia. Henry builds to a syllogistic argument, an appeal to logic, at the end of this paragraph. Prsentez ensuite la sce\`{e}ene a\`{a}a la classe. Henry seeks to engage his audience by showing his respect for them. Parallelism like: Is life so dear or peace so sweet. Logos In Patrick Henry's Speech. Michelle Obama's use of antithesis has given us one of the most memorable lines from a recent speech. The Peroratio, or conclusion, has several purposes, including: to restate an argument, to amplify reasoning, to inspire an audience, and to rouse emotional responses. 0000006808 00000 n (11) Are we disposed to be of the number of those who, having eyes, see not, and, having ears, hear not, the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation? Henry begins this paragraph with another Biblical allusion, one lamp by which my feet are guided (Psalms 119:105). (39) Sir, we have done everything that could be done, to avert the storm which is now coming on. Hoping that the war will not come, and lack of action is all in vain. (The mention of Boston most probably refers to the Intolerable Acts and their enforcement.). Antithesis is not opposition to creating a thesis as part of an academic program, though we sympathize if you are, in fact, anti-thesis in pursuit of that masters degree. When using parallelism, you are replicating the same exact sentence structure. Patrick Henry's famous ''Give me liberty or give me death'' is a classic one. Henry uses the word "hope" several times in this speech. Patrick Henry refers to the other men as "gentlemen" as a term of respect. Who does Henry believe represents Judas and how does this allusion as a metaphor contribute to Henry's argument? These delegates were wealthy and powerful and they had much to lose; Henrys request was a big decision that many of them were reluctant to make. In this paragraph Henry uses emotional appeals, language intended to create an emotional response from the audience. In sentence 7 Henry argues on the basis of ethos, which is Greek for character. Such an argument is called an ethical appeal. It attempts to win over listeners on the basis of the trustworthiness of the speaker. During the age of reason, people believed in logic and appealed more to statistics and reason rather than ethics or emotion. He delivered it on July 5, 1852 to the women of the Rochester Anti-Slavery Sewing Society--and in that speech youll find a number of striking examples of antithesis. Christ was betrayed by his disciple Judas through the kiss of brotherhood, which led to Christ's arrest and crucifixion (Luke 22:47). But Henry felt that delay would be a major mistake. As his argument builds he wants to take them along with him reiterating the fact that they are esteemed colleagues. The above quote is from Alexander Pope. As a result, in addition to referring to a literary device, antithesis also means that something is the opposite of something else. 9. The parenthesis is after these things, and Henry is referring to the Colonies attempts at reconciliation. If they do not take action they will end up being enslaved for sure. (32) Sir, we have been trying that for the last ten years. (30) And what have we to oppose to them? It will not include hope, because Henry explains that in order to move forward and obtain liberty, they must be fully aware of the issues at hand. Or to take arms against a sea of trouble. It tells us that a Green Lanterns duty is to fight evil during the best of times and the worst of times. Each month, our Buckley School resident students of classical rhetoric explain a rhetorical device that can improve your public speaking. Also, antithesis combines two opposing yet not necessarily contradictory ideas with each other. As you analyze the individual parts of the speech, look also for how these parts of the argument work together. Henry uses this allusion in where the colonies are Christ, and the British ministry is the equivalent of Judas. For example, we describe zombies as the "living dead," which illustrates their contradictory nature. Hence, whereas antithesis is always about contrast and difference, juxtaposition can be about difference, but it can also be about similarities. Then, in sentence seven, he introduces his own ethics and how he must be loyal to his country and to God. Here they are. In the second paragraph Henry spoke of the "illusions of hope." Both parts of the quote are of equal length, use about the same number of words, and contain the same parts of speech. (37) What terms shall we find which have not been already exhausted? (51) Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Britain had severely restricted Massachusetts through the Intolerable Acts; towns were voting to boycott British goods, and British soldiers were becoming a common sight in the American Colonies. He uses ironic rhetorical questions questions that convey the opposite of what he attempts to argue. Latest answer posted October 12, 2020 at 12:14:59 PM. The speech divides into the four parts of a classical argument, defined below. On the other hand, they are alive in every sense of the word. Summarizing why a speaker (or writer) might choose to use antithesis, LitCharts writes it can: Well add that antithesis makes a point memorableand quotableas weve seen recently with the line "When they go low, we go high" and in the not-so-distant past with Neil Armstrongs "one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.". According to Henry, which will his argument contain and which will it NOT contain? However, in my humble opinion, the line doesnt pop. Henry points out that the British military response cannot be interpreted as anything other than a direct challenge to the Colonies. How, in this sentence, does Henry suggest that his listeners can trust him? Frederick Douglasss powerful speech, "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro," is built on juxtaposition. What is his purpose in first asking if they are disposed to see not, and hear not and then stating, I am willing to know the whole truth: to know the worst, and to provide for it? (42) In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. What does Henry mean by awful moment in sentence 4? The main function of antithesis in a speech is to give emphasis to an idea by placing it next to a contrasting idea. If Americans cannot live in liberty, they at least must be prepared to die for it. They are meant for us; they can be meant for no other. (sentences 26 and 27). The Convention members consider themselves to be men of integrity and ethics, as Henry acknowledged in sentence 1. What is the purpose of returning to this metaphor yet again? The false dichotomy (either-or) fallacy gives only two options with no choices in between, and Henry uses this intentionally. (60) There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! He was married twice, the first was in 1754 to Sarah Shelton, who later passed away in 1775 to what was believed to be postpartum psychosis. In paragraph 4 Henry uses procatalepsis, an argumentative strategy that anticipates an objection and then answers it. Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston!" -To restate: "Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace but there is no peace." In sentence 75, probably the most famous sentence from this speech, Henry uses antithesis to set up a clear contrast. Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house?". He chooses verbs that are increasingly dramatic to remind his audience that the Colonies have tried everything without result. 41. Padoru (Meme): Meaning & What It Has to Do With Christmas! Since Judas betrayed Christ, Henry is alluding to the British Ministry betraying the colonies. 20. How does this allusion contribute to Henrys argument? This indicates the courage that Henry displays by making the speech and by implication he recognizes the courage that will be necessary for his fellow delegates to take action. Thus, there are only two options left: success or failure in war against Britain. Choose three examples of emotional language from excerpt 3. In sentence 58, what does Henry mean by we have no election? Why does he use the term ceremony? (31) Shall we try argument? Interestingly, the very next lines, the ones that explain what Hamlet meant by to be or not to be also use antithesis. Perhaps one of the most famous examples of antithesis is Patrick Henry's final line of his speech: "Give me liberty or give me death!" Such a statement implies that there is no middle. Do you know Patrick Henry's famous line that owes its zip to antithesis? Red Hill, The Patrick Henry National Memorial, Brookneal, Virginia. This speech was recreated in 1817 by William Wirt of Maryland, who published the first biography of Patrick Henry. While the speech can be used to investigate issues of freedom, power, and rights of the governed, this lesson focuses upon effective rhetoric. Cite evidence from the text. We also describe parting as sweet sorrow.. (45) I repeat it, sir, we must fight! 0000008014 00000 n The use of rhetorical analysis is very useful to make works appealing and contribute effectively to the author's purpose. Speaking in Public: Celebrating 35 Years of Friendly Debate, Quotes: How to Mark them in a Presentation, Speaking on a Panel: Seven tips to help you succeed, Your Big Idea: The Poster Approach to Public Speaking, Ways to Practice When Public Speaking Isn't Part of Your Job, speaking at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. Minor premise [B]: Talking does not achieve results. 0000004997 00000 n Henry's use of antithesis is particularly skillful, as it simplifies the matter at hand to such an extent that subtlety and nuance are no longer options. He clearly indicates that he chooses the second option.