From Table 1, It is worth noting that the value of 2 is above 0.95, being an acceptable value for viscosimetric measurement. Charge: Anionic. 8. Senti, F. R.; Hellman, N. N.; Ludwig, G.; Babcock, E.; Tobin, R.; Class, C. A., (1955). Measurements were made with a Ubbelohde C type suspended level viscometer [57] (IVA, Argentina); with a diameter capillary of 0.81mm and water draining time of 35.89s at 20C, with viscometer constant of 0.027883 mm2/s [58]. government site. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. The polymer molecule assumes a tighter configuration, and the solution has a lower intrinsic viscosity. Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. In summary, we demonstrated effective enhancement of skin permeability and delivery of macromolecules lower than 20KM.W., and regeneration of human cadaver skin after microporation with an RF-based microporation device. The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. The great deviation at 2000kDa occurs due to the large hyperbranched structure of the macromolecule, generating a change in its conformation and, therefore, a change in the way it flows [73]. Biodegradable dextran hydrogels crosslinked by stereocomplex formation for the controlled release of pharmaceutical proteins. The above data are not useful because it can not be compared with those obtained in this work. This universalization of the parameters leads to a higher error ratio in the calculation of the respective molecular weights. Ibrahim O, Munavalli GS, Dover JS. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. ; Garca de , J. Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 373-381. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Learn More. European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. Figure 2 shows the classical method for calculating Mark-Houwink parameters, where a linear relation between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is established for each temperature. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. Keywords: Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro. Because of the recent animal protection rules which have restricted animal experiments [19], we used human cadaver skin as an alternative to animals. Dilute Solution. (2008). Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). 2. He, L.; Niemeyer, B. The solution was measured using an Anton Paar DMA35N densitometer. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. The optical image and histological analysis confirmed that the micropores on the skin were recovered over time. Transdermal drug delivery: overcoming the skins barrier function. Would you like email updates of new search results? Journal of American Chemical Society, 64(11), 2716-2718. SWC designed and coordinated the research. (2008). Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. what will you do to keep amazon safe answers; amarsi assisted living; peter clarke, emilia clarke; personality characteristics of kiran mazumdar shaw; karina mitchell age; mirela romanian orphan died; dsa presidential endorsement; dextran hydrodynamic radius. Surface morphology study of dextran by scanning electron microscopy showed the porous web like structure. Just in case anyone wants to use a different molecular weight to estimate the hydrodynamic size: the calculator is integrated into the classic Zeta An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. Microneedles and their applications. WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. Barrier integrity was examined using Tewameter to confirm the poration of human cadaver skin using a microporation device. The author thanks Universidad Nacional de San Luis (Project 2-81/11), FONCyT (PICT 2004-N23-2548 and PICT 2008-N21-84), and CONICET (PIP 6324 Res. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. Carbohydr Polym. Ioan, C.E. Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. The biological activity of cationic liposomes in drug delivery and toxicity test in animal models. The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly Drug Deliv. Recent Pat. Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. (1999). Alternatively, the value of qM-H can be calculated using numerical methods and other-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw, Mz) according to where c and d are empirical polynomial functions of the exponent a. Dextran molecular size and degree of branching as a function of sucrose concentration, pH, and temperature of reaction of. For rigid macromolecules, it is also conventional to combine a solution property with the volume of the particle itself, or with a quantity directly derived from it [54, 55, 56]. TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. Chapter 2.1.4 Suspended level viscometers for transparent liquid, Ubbelohde Viscometer page 28-31. (2004). The fact that the intrinsic viscosity of a given polymer sample is different according to the solvent used gives and insight about the general shape of polymer molecules in solution. As well as being able to measure hydrodynamic radius in the Zetasizer (if you have access to one), it's also provided with a calculator that allows Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. ; Rani, K.Y. Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. Equivalent Radii and Ratios of Radii from Solution Properties as Indicators of Macromolecular Conformation, Shape, and Flexibility. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. These studies were again focused on investigating the hydrodynamic properties of the polymer molecules, their hydrodynamic radius in relation to their radius of gyration and the coherence of the simulation results with polymer theory. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. ; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. TEWL values before and immediately after microporation on human cadaver skin according to the number of times microproration was done (n=3). (1937). California Privacy Statement, The Transdermal diffusion cell system was protected from light. a-d Haematoxylin/eosin-stained histological sections of human cadaver skin sample and e quantified data using ImageJ for different time periods after microporation. Int. Corp. (Seoul, Korea). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Quantitative data are presented as the meanstandard deviation, and comparisons were carried out using one-way ANOVA (Systat Software Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Santoro MM, Gaudino G. Cellular and molecular facets of keratinocyte reepithelization during. where c is the solute concentration (g/cm3), [] is the intrinsic viscosity (cm3/g), and kH represents Huggins constants (cm3/g). Masuelli, Martin A. Hydrodynamic properties of whole arabic gum. The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). The same way, many of these authors emphasize the non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran molecular weight range from 9 to 2000kDa [3,5,8,16, 37,38]. Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. The Intrinsic Viscosity of Biological Macromolecules. Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. TEWL measurements were taken 30min after microporation of the human and pig skin. Beer, M.U. Hi Khanh, Alan is taking a little time off of Research Gate at the moment, but here is some information in reply to your question. This low polydispersity realizes that the Mark-Houwink equation is forced at a given Mw regardless of the hyperbranched nature of the dextran molecule. The range of temperatures used was 25-50 (0.1) C and it was regulated by thermostatic bath Haake C. The viscosity measurements required Hagenbach-Couette correction time (tg 37.31s). 2012;29(7):201729. The hydrodynamic radius of 2-NBDG glucose was too small to measure. An official website of the United States government. Carbohydrate Polymers 87, 405-410. High Manufacturing Standards of Molecular Probes Dextrans. Morris, G.A. After the pore closure examination, each sample was stored in a 10% neutral buffered formalin awaiting haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. ; De Jong, S.J. Article Pribush, A.; Zilberman-Kravits, D.; Meyerstein, N. (2007). Int J Food Sci Nutr. A novel high dextran yielding Weissella cibaria JAG8 for cereal food application. Jeanes, A.; Haynes, W.C.; C. Wilham, A.; Rankin, J.C; Melvin, E.H.; Austin, M. J.; Cluskey, J. E.; Fisher, B.E. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was 2009;301(8):60913. Transdermal delivery is of great importance for the effective delivery of bioactive or therapeutic agents into a body. The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). 1984;17(6):11703. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444. Nat Biotechnol. 4, 10, and 20K) was measured using the Transdermal diffusion cell system. Quintanilla-Pineda M, Achou CG, Daz J, Gutirrez-Falcon A, Bravo M, Herrera-Muoz JI, Pea-Navarro N, Alvarado C, Ibaez FC, Marzo F. Foods. 2003;10:33847. This phenomenon is observed in the case of hyperbranched biopolymers evidencing an increase of a with temperature. Masuelli, M. A. These results indicate that healing and regeneration occurred in the human cadaver skin after the microporation. However, when molecules deviate from globular to non-spherical or elongated structures then Rg/Rh tend to values upwards of However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. Soc., 21, 1, 78-86. (1990). WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). 2005;22(4):5505. Analytical Chemistry. Thermo Fisher Scientific. ; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). A lot of research has been devoted to dextrans modification in order to describe special characteristics relevant to specific applications such as surfactants [16], as visible marker [17], polysaccharides-based nanoparticles, covalent crosslinking [18], ionic crosslinking, polyelectrolyte complex, and the self-assembly of hydrophobically modified polysaccharides, and hydrophilic modified polysaccharides [19]. Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits. European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). Food Funct. Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 372-378. Conversely, fluorescein sodium was the compound selected to model hydrophilic, low MW drugs. 2013;43(4):287303. 2010;4(1):117. ; Fran, H.P. 2018;1:10915. The value of kM-H in this work decreases with increasing temperature in contrast to published by reference [34] where kM-H increases. Epub 2012 Oct 18. To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. Kasaai, M. R.; Arul, J.; Charlet, G. (2000). Liu Zonghua; Yanpeng Jiao; Yifei Wang; Changren Zhou; Ziyong Zhang (2008). Unperturbed dimensions and theta temperature of dextran in aqueous solutions. Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. Format), Citation-(BibTeX
WebIn this regard, we chose as crowding agents a number of polymers with hydrodynamic dimensions comparable to those of iRFP713 in different structural states: polyethylene glycol8,000(PEG-8000)withaneffectivehydrodynamicradiusof24.5 1.9(Devanand & Selser, 1991), Dextran-40 and Dextran-70 with hydrodynamic radius of 44.550 and 5864 , 2019;26(1):25261. In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. In addition, we evaluated the regeneration of SC after microporation. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. Pharm Res. The characteristic Rg/Rh value for a globular protein is ~0.775, which means that Rg is smaller than Rh. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. The Mark-Houwink parameters is calculated molecular weights range from 8.8 to 200kDa. Article Ind. Harding, Stephen E. (2005). Polymolecularity and polydispersity in Molecular weight determinations. In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. (2003). Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. 7 8 The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. Epub 2021 Feb 9. One day before the experiment, the skin was stabilized in the skin culture medium. Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. Herwadkar A, Banga AK. We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. Pharmacol Pharm. The dextran has the advantage in terms of low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and water-solubility. The genus Weissella: taxonomy, ecology and biotechnological potential. FITC-derivatives have been used for a variety of biological applications for more than 40 yeras. 2009;6(4):34354. The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. Characterization of high molecular weight dextran produced by Weissella cibaria CMGDEX3. Kloster, C.; Bica, C.; Lartigue, C.; Rochas, C.; Samios, D.; Geissler E. (1998). Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. Viscosity, sedimentation, and light-scattering properties of fraction of an acidhydrolyzed dextran. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters could be universalized with certain precautions, being an indication for the calculation of molecular weight in the temperature range of 20-40C. Kano S, Todo H, Furui K, Kenichi S, Tokudome Y, Hashimoto F, Kojima H, Sugibayashi K. Comparison of several reconstructed cultured human skin models by microscopic observation: their usefulness as an alternative membrane for skin in drug permeation experiments. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2000;3(9):31826. of different origins. 2012;27(3):20212. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. Google Scholar. a Microscopy images of micropore and b quantified data using ImageJ after 0 (immediately), 4, 8, and 24h according to the number of times microproration was done (n=150, *: p<0.05). Proc of SPIE. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free Progress in Polymer Science, 30, 38-70. Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. By using this website, you agree to our Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. TdB Labs produce a wide range of FITC-derivatives (490 nm/520 nm) with a mean molecular weight ranging from 4 kDa to 2000 kDa. European Polymer Journal, 42, 1086-1092. ; Weisz, J. Intrinsic viscosity determination offers a simple and useful method that requires low cost equipment and yields useful information on soluble macromolecules. Pharm Res. Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. Keratinocytes adjacent to the wound site induced by the microporation in the epidermis undergo a series of modifications that allow their proliferation and migration to the wound. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. The particular dextrans which were used initially for conversion into synthetic blood-volume expanders [6, 7], human red blood cells aggregation for increasing the degree of polymerization and hence the molecular weight [8, 9, 10], hydrogels and microspheres [11], in drug transport system and its modifications as nanoparticles [12], in the removal through absorption of contaminant effluents such as heavy metals, organic molecules and inks [13], in the formation of biodegradable films [14, 15]. 2015;32(5):170413. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Cite this article. @ Nilimesh See attached. Sachdeva V, Banga AK. Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. Format), Citation-(EndNote
Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matriz. Anal. Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. Viscotek GmbH, Europe. FITC-dextran molecular weights; 4, 10, and 20kDa molecular weight were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Theory, Estimation, Experiment, and Data. Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. Journal of Physical Chemistry. Pharmaceut Sci Tech. Chem. TEWL measurements were performed before and 30min after microporation. 2005;304(1):27486. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 2591-2598. Biomacromolecules 8, 2464-2475. The value of P increases from 1.0272 to 1.2694 (spherical shape with tendency to spheroid for high Mw). The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). Qi P, Caoa M, Songa L, Chena C, Liua M, Li N, Wua D, Penga J, Hub G, Zhao J. DLS tests were conducted at detection angle of 90 (standard) and 173 (backscatter) to measure protein hydrodynamic radius, while protein charge was examined in phase analysis light scattering (PALS) mode at detection angle of 15 (forward). Citation-(RIS
We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. Pathan IB, Setty CM. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.5 in poor solvents. The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. 56 The linkage that the enzyme dextranase breaks down is indicated by the black arrow. II. 24h after microporation, the pore sizes reduced from 64.8817.20m (0h) to 48.854.27m (24h), and the pore depths reduced from 83.9120.56m (0h) to 63.9527.61m (24h). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 23, 135-141. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. Epub 2022 Feb 2. Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. Guner, A.; Kibarer, G. (2001). Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. Castellanos Gil, E. E.; Iraizoz Colarte, A.; El Ghzaoui, A.; Durand, D.; Delarbre, J.L. The explanation for the anomalous values of a and kM-H is because the mixture solute-solvent is highly compatible due a great compaction of biopolymer, from undisturbed state in the absence of interactions, where free energy of mixing less than zero, and emphasize the nature non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran for Mw high to 200kDa. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. Lucifer yellow (LY) and FITC-labelled dextran stock solutions were prepared in Ringers-HEPES buffer (150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM CaCl 2, 1.2 mM MgCl 2, 5.2 mM KCl, 0.5 mM NaHCO 3, 2.8 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES) and frozen at 20C. In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. RBECs were passaged onto cell culture inserts as described and cultured for a further 714 days in vitro. Drug Deliv Syst. Journal of American Chemical Society, 76 (20), 5041-5052. To overcome these limitations, microporation devices that act as therapeutic vehicles for delivering drug molecules across the skin barriers have been developed. Indo AM J Pharm. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. 2012;9(2):14754. Arond L.H. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 68, 319-329. Molecular weight (M v) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. Teixeira CG, Fusieger A, Milio GL, Martins E, Drider D, Nero LA, de Carvalho AF. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter dh ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [ 33, 41 ]. This study demonstrated that hydrodynamic volume and radius of gyration of a dextran sample with M w < 20 kDa and its linear counterpart with equal M w are almost For a sphere and a random coil 0 the values are 9.23x1023 mol-1 and 2.60x 1023mol-1, respectively. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. AATEX. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. Transdermal drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: a review. The intrinsic viscosity calculation requires several concentrations, and because of this inconvenient will not use the Huggins method in this paper. Intrinsic viscosity of bovine serum albumin conformers. Boudry I, Blanck O, Cruz C, Blanck M, Vallet V, Bazire A, Capt A, Josse D, Lallement G. Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo. Privacy The receptor chamber was filled with PBS. Progr. Fractional thermolysis by bipolar radiofrequency facilitates cutaneous delivery of peptide and siRNA with minor loss of barrier function. Challenges for the modern analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of polysaccharides. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 2031-2032. Lim SB, Tingirikari JMR, Seo JS, Li L, Shim S, Seo JH, Han NS. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. Thus, it is a common practice to express the frictional coefficient of rigid structures as. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10K was 4.820.32M, in the human skin and 5.920.46M in the pig skin. Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. The receptor phase was collected immediately (time 0) and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h. This receptor phase solution was transferred to a 96-well plate and the skin-permeated FITC-dextran was measured using a microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Co. Ltd., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) at 405nm. They concluded that a power law behavior seems to be approached only in the small molecular weight region. Terms and Conditions, MeSH terms The values of 0 decreases from 2.5429 to 2.3326 x 1023mol-1 demonstrating a relative flexibility of particles. 2011;16(2):518. Google Scholar. Curley SA. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62].