The flip side of renaming an object (see part 2 of this series) is to control the narrative to prevent others from reasserting the objects original name and meaning or creating a different one. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. historians such as william a. williams, arthur schlesinger, and stephen kinzer provided their own vision and how america ought to be. startxref Holmes and Holmes (2002), use the adage not being able to see the forest through the trees (p. 5) to refer to how hard it is for someone to study something they have largely taken for granted. WebThe Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibiliities by T. J. Jackson Lears Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. <> The concept of hegemony also reflects the relationship that develops between culture and force in capitalism (Jackson, 1985, p. 568). My family is a good example. 0000005773 00000 n In macro, Gramscis theory of cultural hegemony, to quote historian David Arnold, held that popular ideas had as much historical weight or energy as purely material forces or even greater prominence.[11] In micro, it can be derived, things work the same in the individual mind, with popular ideas as powerful as personal experience, and thus the presence of divided consciousness. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. endobj hr-P0U7y3Sf33Sv, Bk'M*CJIZGRvq endobj 0000001793 00000 n Kupchan, Charles A. Print. How can a genuine ideological harmony be achieved? <=s|`! p"~y2#w=wQCo{4cc7!D4O bUSk03FtHb P$f|0ez lP#!PQ.&kmQO3^AS45wn5jQ6 Such work could not remain in the, This thesis has two principal aims; first, to examine and illuminate the social production of gentility and capital which was experienced by the Newton family between the early part of the, In the mid-1990s, at the University of Texas, I and my fellowtraveling graduate students organized a Radical History Reading Group. Understanding the Concept of Cultural Hegemony With Examples - After all, Gramsci himself favored nuance, with coexisting consent and coercion, consciousness of class or lived experience mixing with beliefs of oppressors coming from above, and so on. Rather than a terminus a quo, however, divided consciousness can be seen as created, at least partially, by hegemony andas responsible for ultimate hegemonic success a mutually reinforcing system. Gray almost summed it up when he wrote, [N]or should behavior that apparently corresponds to dominant ideology be read at face value as a direct product of ruling class influence.[20] Here he was arguing that dominant culture was often imparted in indirect ways, not through intentionality of the ruling class or programs of social control. That is, the recognition of hegemony is a tool to raise ones They faced discrimination and life in the coal mines, but they were determined to be Americans. Opines that hegemony could develop into a one-sided leadership. Analyzes how the concept of cultural hegemony is discussed by anouar majid and amira e sonbol in freedom and orthodoxy. Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in. "The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities." Opines that rules? endstream Explains that the american brand of democracy was uncommon in 1831 when de tocqueville was writing. No Prime Minister has ignited the public imagination like Pierre Elliot Trudeau; and yet, no prime minister has been as misunderstood. However, the best evidence for hegemony may remain the psychoanalysis of individuals, as seen above, that demonstrate some level of divided consciousness. Explains that moral reasoning entails reasoning from moral rules, principles, or standards, and resolving conflicts among them, thereby placing limits on what one may do with a clear conscience. Explains that gender scholars examine hegemonic masculinity as the narrowly constrained expectations for mens appropriate behaviour. 5 See below. Print. Furthermore the relationship between the meaning of hegemony and that of ideology is developed as well as that between consent and submission. 173 0 obj 168 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[81.0 97.3415 161.592 105.3495]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> foreign policy and american primacy in the twenty-first century. To browse Academia.edu and the The American Historical Review 90.3 (1985): 567-93. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. For instance, as Lears wrote, [O]ne way to falsify the hypothesis of hegemony is to demonstrate the existence of genuinely pluralistic debate; one way to substantiate it is to discover what was left out of public debate and to account historically for those silences.[23] If there was public discussion of a wide range of ideas, many running counter to the interests of dominant groups, the case for hegemony is weaker; if public discussion centered around a narrow slate of ideas that served obvious interests, the case is stronger. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. <>stream endobj foreign policy and american primacy in the twenty-first century. Concludes that the united states is a hegemon, and no other country or coalition of countries has the will or way to change that reality at present. DOI: 10.14731/kjis.2012.12.10.2.221 Corpus ID: 154841705; English and American Linguistic Hegemony : A Case Study of the Educational Testing Service @inproceedings{yoo2012EnglishAA, title={English and American Linguistic Hegemony : A Case Study of the Educational Testing Service}, author={yeon-sook yoo and Gon A setting of texts by female prisoners and factory, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. )C *U?5teAsdL7ShntA{0%B5#0jk[[@vH^@Y^sC>@\7iX]p#v8P; (nY Z:6T#+-'NrTsb_? They have a chilling effect on any rational debate of ideas and run completely counter to a free society. Argues that russia's geopolitical trauma caused by the end of the cold war is unlikely to be reversed with such dire internal social and demographic situations. it allows for new ideologies to shift the power, allowing a new dominant group to rise. endobj This article is available from multiple Web sites. Among the most significant link between the masses and the elite is language use. 23 The term passive revolution is defined by Gramsci as a form of hegemony whereby the masses are absorbed and neutralised by the bourgeoisie, thus preventing them from opposing the hegemonic class. Analyzes how gender scholars examine hege-monic masculinity as the narrowly constrained expectations for mens appropriate behavior. *-*a:9'De]$*Vo=SGG>dcu#>JZVagE$E+]"j6@u]BSY$eu44N$+XYMPSM$6jkrGb=1et7g"^B_S@1g'5O*b$j!lWUh%_Ih-NV\15D]&l>=NQ3>N#V;q)m0;?aVdlIff/d&QNJ!%`7VOE$*nj//Bp0[:GA;e7+M!a$#tjYkT,M0Ij0jhpWYm\E7!kS'S\tjkqKIuh)lee3@u_61;Q:jN4fTAiTXOg.d/a93_N/41bTnlM0%X25iL#)\Q?,%B=HZ8HK(5#-[K-1`f!rZ#q.lon%eT3Ro_"8WKKV,@mFmr(DFri^* Argues that the united states' hegemony is secure for the near future, but threatened in the long-term by its geopolitical friends. WebThe concept of hegemony needs considerable amplification and analysis before we can see at all clearly how it is to be applied or what claims it makes. Historian Robert Gray, studying how the bourgeoisie achieved hegemony in Victorian Britain, wrote that hegemonic culture could spread not only through the state hegemonic groups were not necessarily governing groups, though there was often overlap[5] but through any human institutions and interactions: the political and ideological are present in all social relations.[6] Everything in Karl Marxs superstructure could imbue individuals and historical blocs with domineering ideas: art, media, politics, religion, education, and so on. Print. he believed that common sense is not rigid and immobile, but is continually transforming itself. <>stream Against Popery: Britain, Empire, and Anti-Catholicism. 2012. Lears further noted the evidence from sociologists Richard Sennett and Jonathon Cobb, whose subaltern interviewees could not escape the effect of dominant values despite also holding contradictory ones, as they deemed their class inferiority a sign of personal failure, even as many realized they had been constrained by class origins that they could not control.[2] A garbage collector knew the fact that he was not taught to read properly was not his fault, yet blamed himself for his position in society. The price of a reputation as a hard-drinking ladies' man was the regular appearance of, This might be my most important essay, because it set out deliberately to take sports culture into mainstream international academic thinking via a leading journal. endobj There are also documented cases of employers firing people for expressing opinions contrary to the accepted social narrative. 7 White, Structuralism and Popular Culture, loc. 7 0 obj<> Explains that the separation of powers alludes, regardless, to the work in the definitive record of legislative, executive, and judicial capacities to different institutions, independently constituted. hOv}@fg,:>],IKcdD|?5(uW }Y 0000012848 00000 n WebThe Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibiliities by T. J. Jackson Lears Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. endstream This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. 0000013028 00000 n However, for White the poetic function is the basis for all cultural activity. endobj 12 0 obj<>>> A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Concept learning investigating the possibilities for a human-machine dialogue TECHNICAL REPORT Gabriela Pavel, TJ Jackson Lears: The Concept of Cultural Hegemony, The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities. Mascia-Lees, Frances E. Gender & Difference in a Globalizing World: Twenty-first Century Anthropology. Upgrade to a modern browser Hegemony, therefore, describes the relationship between the masses and the dominant groups of society through politics and economics but most significantly through social consciousness. WebIn Marxist philosophy, cultural hegemony is the dominance of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class who manipulate the culture of that societythe beliefs and explanations, perceptions, values, and moresso that the worldview of the ruling class becomes the accepted cultural norm. Explains that hegemonic masculinity is a vital element in contemporary capitalist western culture. .8K'S6tkc"T,q7UJJ;/Ud2+X8;6H~IBHTc#2k8}A(KFiI':yBOr&9ai)dG=pU) W*atOc&0Y+L~TMo"~hP2`IIf' When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. Arnold notes Gramscis questions: What historically had kept the peasants [of Italy] in subordination to the dominant classes? Hegemony is defined by Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought as "Political and economical control exercised by a dominant class, and its success in projecting its own way of seeing the world, human and social relationships as 'common sense' and part of the natural order by those who are, in fact, subordinated to it." Institutions and organizations help to enforce and control the narrative through sanctions and punishment through the use of negative reinforcement aspect of Operant Conditioning (see part 4 of the Citizen Resilience series). Gray almost summed it up when he wrote, [N]or should behavior that apparently corresponds to dominant ideology be read at face value as a direct product of ruling class influence.. The state functions on a number of dispositions which are hierarchical, naturalized and are the modes of power for the power elite. [1] T.J. Jackson Lears, The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities, The American Historical Review 90, no. One historian on the Right has conjured up the vision of interdisciplinary programs in Gramsci studies, replete with, Comparative Studies in Society and History, I am extremely fortunate to have discussed issues of hegemony, consciousness, and class transformations with Nan E. Woodruff, who brought Southern and European perspectives to my own Peru-centered, In a 1975 article on the place of yeomen farmers in a slave society, Eugene D. Genovese identified a critical question concerning the nature of the Old South. Enter your library card number to sign in. This paper will explore how this concept came to be, examples of who is affected, where this phenomenon occurs, and current research being carried out today. <>stream vandalism and stealing government property is wrong. <>stream The rules, principles and standards that constitute a morality differ in different religions, and cultures, just as they differ historically. [1^`J4nThU#W4%BYk!s\!jk2NT1G/9-T,BhM^cJ=m01N[,[email protected]*XNW.HtI-mKX"7>"QFkCZf0s"$NMK(uh2X-OZ6-,d$XbRfQuW-CE&CRsH)^/BD,r4E+=go0i3/I08SC]QUfARpVt*.MOHODbRs%;Gbf0NFKA`r_o,OF'TQf#-YZ3kX/!WVL]]03HWi\D`s/3d8b9%A+nsY;M3J4H2:%mMY!DA3/\(DI\N8s&?mdc.OXh:2Ce,ccSGUHf1F\%iDCjg/L19MnYtPMGl0d+\".HN/a2K">Po_'s6PB1E4>Vbe^`3FUlQr('hc+3/&&Su9)XS(YLN1&&U;8G\AAGUd:GN#8&MC.X8g]JE@&BWX/i91]&2u,e^`4#e^`4#e^`4#e^`4#e^`4#e^`4#"T8^E.F;)~> Among the books discussed over the duration of the course, the most recurrent theme has been the dominance of power relationships and the construction of institutions driven by power. The most recent previous treatment of White and his narratological theories of writing history is to be found in Ellis, Richard J. and Munslow, Alun, Narrative, Myth and the Turner Thesis, Journal of American Culture, 9, 2, (1986), 926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 8 Carnegie, , Triumphant Democracy, 442.Google Scholar, 9 Carnegie, , Gospel of Wealth, 11522.Google Scholar, 10 Carnegie, , Empire of Business, 113.Google Scholar, 11 Carnegie, , Gospel of Wealth, 55.Google Scholar, 12 Carnegie, , Empire of Business, 109.Google Scholar, 13 Carnegie, , Triumphant Democracy, 366.Google Scholar, 15 Carnegie, , Gospel of Wealth, 89.Google Scholar, 17 White, , Metahistory, 22.Google Scholar, 18 Carnegie, , Gospel of Wealth, 54.Google Scholar, 21 Carnegie, , Empire of Business, 5561.Google Scholar, 22 Carnegie, , Gospel of Wealth, 14243.Google Scholar. Thus, this paper seeks to consider the question: How durable is American hegemony? 0000004214 00000 n In other contexts, hegemony may refer to a level or moment, which is equal to an evolutionary stage of leadership. gramsci did not believe that the oppressed class is the passive victim of the dominant classs ideology. This paper offers comments on this question with reference to the formation of the post-bellum American business culture and its ideology by examining the written works of one of its leading exponents, the industrialist Andrew Carnegie. Sumit Guha. 300906632 YUNGU CHUNG The only groups who can achieve hegemony are the fundamental classes the proletariat or the bourgeoisie. Cultural hegemony gives good things or bad things to other countries because cultural hegemony destroys the other country culture. Total loading time: 0 WebIn Marxist philosophy, cultural hegemony is the dominance of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class who manipulate the culture of that societythe beliefs and explanations, perceptions, values, and moresso that the worldview of the ruling class becomes the accepted cultural norm. Argues that the greatest threat to american hegemony may come from within. Analyzes how the united states' strategic imperatives have shifted since the soviet union's collapse at the end of the cold war. children grow up believing african americans are inferior or women should stay at home. During my doctoral studies, there was a distinct accepted narrative that reflected Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. Gray wrote that British workers in the era of industrialization of course had to be pushed into habituation of the new and brutal wage-labor system by the workplace itself, but also through poor law reform, the beginnings of elementary education, religious evangelism, propaganda against dangerous economic heresies, the fostering of more acceptable expressions of working-class self help (friendly societies, co-ops, etc. Don't already have a personal account? Sanctions range from censure to employment termination. A=\ WebLears, T.J J. Print. Furthermore, I claim that America has built itself as an exceptional global empire, through political, economic and public policies, that center on capitalism. Explains that moral and cultural relativism are perceived by many as somewhat similar and are easily confused. Explains that hegemony was derived from the greek word "egemonia," meaning leader or ruler, often in the sense of a state other than his own. DI`@3i-~s:iHsFKIK` %qb"D:cNM?SPd`+GS Die65PqkHL8]nn%!1"J}OEF ka']TU Z)!Z(!mrZRWvc #jxHex9mj0b"0D*xM%]=u TRAS[%# ? Rather, it is the few in charge, with power, that are the beneficiaries and reap the rewards. Explains antonio gramsci's theory of hegemony, which is the explanation of how states use cultural institutions to maintain power. London: Routledge, 2002. JSTOR. [5] Robert Gray, Bourgeois Hegemony in Victorian Britain, in Tony Bennet, ed., Culture, Ideology and Social Process: A Reader (London: Batsford Academic and Educational, 1981), 240. 11 0 obj<>>> Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-dxv9z Long Grove, IL: Waveland, 2010. WebThe Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities T.J.JACKSON LEARS TWENTYYEARS AGO THE ITALIAN COMMUNIST Antonio Gramsci was rarely discussed outside his native land; now he has become an intellectual cause cklibre and in some quarters a cult hero. The American Historical Review, 90, 567-593. https://doi.org/10.2307/1860957 has been cited by the following article: TITLE: Parental Engagement in Childrens Learning: Moving on from Mass Superstition Lears, T. J. Jackson. [`2XG%Kbf^`UtZ hDM$ErMKbrT5[%N! Abstract: Cultural Hegemony is a way to control the narrative on social issues and obscure their meaning. WebThe Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities T. J. Lears Published 1 June 1985 Art The American Historical Review TWENTY YEARS AGO THE ITALIAN COMMUNIST Antonio Gramsci was rarely discussed outside his native land; now he has become an intellectual cause celebre and in some quarters a cult hero. H|J1)Rod@)g{e_@Et`^9gfIx|nnI9ua{x53N$JwnMRR?s|:!wb[V $M=3 e6$ Explains that there are many proponents of hegemony, but there is opposition to the idea. In The Prison Notebooks (1971) Gramsci does not associate hegemony with the governance of a solitary individual or any structuralist energy phenomena, such as a discourse, collective conscience, deep structure or culture. Explains that rosa, a puerto rican, means that the snow is white as determined by the norms of the porta-rican culture. 177 0 obj Argues that america produces a constant high level of income and development over the long haul, based on establishments and attitudes that cultivate more work effort from educated populations and better choices in assigning productive capital. The individual mind and what occurs within it is the necessary starting point for understanding how domineering culture spreads and why members of social groups act in ways that puzzle later historians. endstream Argues that hegemonic masculinity is prone to be erected if there is some equivalence between cultural ideal and institutional power. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. WebCultural hegemony is a philosophical and sociological concept that deals with the dominance of a particular ruling/dominant social group over other social groups in a culturally diverse society. 163 0 obj My father and uncle were the first to go to college. the wealthy 'jocks' reap the benefits and status that school and sports provide. for this article. Jannis Panagiotidis. endobj endobj Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. 174 0 obj They were poor farmers in the hills of Virginia. endstream 10 0 obj[11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R] C. Patterson Giersch. endobj The answer is in part to be found in the nature of language and discourse. Culture no longer is, as with the analyses of the classical sociologists, an apparatus of socialization and exchange of values within the social. 192 0 obj Opines that religious views are virtually unquantifiable on their own, but the effects are very much measurable. The American Historical Review 90.3 (1985): 567-93. On my fathers side, parts of the family go back before the Revolution. it is a model for different societies to imitate. For example, the Bourgeoisie rule illustrates Gramscis view. This is the point of divergence for the cultural materialist who would dispute that ideology is a function of tropic determination. These privileged few get what they desire not through force, but through Antonio Gramscis idea of hegemony. Joseph, Jonathan. Indeed, Gramscis theory is powerful in that it has much utility for historians whether true or misguided. Analyzes how the political elite and the business class create and set in motion institutions and structures to create hierarchy and then distribute knowledge to control individuals. 0Xv5`KwK;s$ rd-%i*}pV_q>U94n|>.OszrvRQ Sc]`3u6?yu8| GU!> WebThe concept of hegemony needs considerable amplification and analysis before we can see at all clearly how it is to be applied or what claims it makes. Instead, it allows for power shifts between groups. ^`IZJ{K.2=3p?{PPTq.ti+/ 3*\ cTl8eG#`VF#eF/LxRf0Z%h- FQfk)sFILgZ)HZ{O4;rOG5"7zy\TNRhaEvN>fuqQ5m*m>Fa< F;AQP"s,FN|`"0C3fRxQk>bk1gK7:$_ Analyzes the power of the beauty myth to establish control and discipline through self-policing. WebConcept of Cultural Hegemony by T.J. Jackson Lears. Lears, T. J. Jackson. Argues that while hegemony is a form of domination, it still has usefulness as an idea as illustrated with feminism. Most of America thrived with this process. That is, the recognition of hegemony is a tool to raise ones The Melting Pot is now cold and the social engineers attack the culture that built it as racist and sexist. Explains how the dominant class retains power through social institutions that elicit support for hegemonic relations through patterns of communication and material reward. <>stream 0000000016 00000 n Argues that the idea that nation-states would surrender their power interests to a benign superpower flies in the face of traditional realist international relations. ), The Gospel of Wealth And Other Timely Essays, Class and Community: The Industrial Revolution in Lynn, Work, Culture and Society in Industrializing America, Roots of the American Working Class: The Industraliation of Crafts in Newark, 18001860, Working Class Community in Industrial America: Work, Leisure, and Struggle in two Industrial Cities, 18801930, American Working Class Culture: Explorations in American Labor and Social History, Working People of Philadelphia, 18001850, Mechanics and Manufacturers in the Early Industrial Revolution: Lynn, Massachusetts, 17801860, The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry, 18501890, The Remaking of Pittsburgh: Class and Culture in an Industrializing City, 18771919, The Practice of Solidarity: American Hat Finishers in the Nineteenth Century, The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 18651965, Michel Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essqys and Interviews, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth Century Europe, The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality,, The Question of Narrative in Contemporary Historical Theory,, Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism, The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities. bb:^xHJ)REAU?&mBR*}JH6*P3c'iDS3s=a =hVm*y!;!yrxyd$,T!_ _Arw*t` fgPa\nN#xZ!$YJy>8>@f1|6tKG8Z/ p:QoK)S9Ky}m?~jm5?WCOa_TKX2V H|N1EYfBji O0nnr}l Ilv@s7P$Rp9Se q3-BeXK 1k )kgiT prW 3&-sz[5/KAP2DxN}H$],V!FXa+.y''g$ *^}+9Rb_P]sSv,qs/J 0000031017 00000 n They are direct violations of both the First Amendment and academic freedom. 18 0 obj <>stream For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. (1985). Even then, there was still virulent discrimination and suppression through the 1960s and into the 1970s. ii]`;%:@\ ,"J LL2 As Jackson Lears pointed out recently the nature of the available discourse benchmarks that which is allowable, and de-legitimises certain lines of discursive argument. Hegemony a Realist Analysis. Accept good thing adds traditional culture of the own country. Render date: 2023-03-05T06:18:58.046Z The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities. London: Routledge, 1992. WebThe Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities T.J.JACKSON LEARS TWENTYYEARS AGO THE ITALIAN COMMUNIST Antonio Gramsci was rarely discussed outside his native land; now he has become an intellectual cause cklibre and in some quarters a cult hero. hP2(0J4<4emq;h"s v ]i#Ut2$QY9Juc]X ;3;gKN Mascia-Lees, Frances E. Gender & Difference in a Globalizing World: Twenty-first Century Anthropology. Explains that in the united states moral rules are not rigid; they permit exceptions and are of different importance and weight. 178 0 obj Still, hegemony remains a critical and negating tool, not a positive concept. Web. WebConcept of Cultural Hegemony by T.J. Jackson Lears. Understanding the Concept of Cultural Hegemony With Examples - Hegemony also may refer to a social grouping related to a particular social, political, cultural. WebIn Marxist philosophy, cultural hegemony is the dominance of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class who manipulate the culture of that societythe beliefs and explanations, perceptions, values, and moresso that the worldview of the ruling class becomes the accepted cultural norm. 10 Dec. 2013. 8 0 obj<> "The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities." They maintained the family cultural traditions but assimilated into Americans. Opines that michael was taken into custody, questioned, sentenced, and punished for the crimes he committed in singapore. <>stream Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic. N.p., 20 Mar. Explains that apple's smart phone will make a culture, but is it really good? endobj Articles and monographs continue to multiply. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Some activities were acceptable under the new system (joining friendly societies or trade unions) to keep more radical activities out of bounds. Argues that hegemony is not the only form of political leadership. Notable landmarks are Lawrence, Goodwyn, Democratic Promise (New York, 1976)Google Scholar; Alan, Dawley, Class and Community: The Industrial Revolution in Lynn (Cambridge, Mass., 1976)Google Scholar; Gutman, Herbert G., Work, Culture and Society in Industrializing America (New York, 1977)Google Scholar; Hirsch, Susan E., Roots of the American Working Class: The Industraliation of Crafts in Newark, 18001860 (Philadephia, 1978)Google Scholar; Cumbler, John T., Working Class Community in Industrial America: Work, Leisure, and Struggle in two Industrial Cities, 18801930 (Westport, Conn, 1979)Google Scholar; Montgomery, David, Worker's Control in America (Cambridge, Mass, 1979)Google Scholar; Milton, Cantor, ed., American Working Class Culture: Explorations in American Labor and Social History (Westport, Conn., 1979)Google Scholar; Brody, David, Workers in Industrial America (New York, 1980)Google Scholar; Laurie, Bruce, Working People of Philadelphia, 18001850 (Philadelphia, 1980)Google Scholar; Faler, Paul G., Mechanics and Manufacturers in the Early Industrial Revolution: Lynn, Massachusetts, 17801860 (New York, 1981)Google Scholar; Hahn, Steven, The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry, 18501890 (New York, 1983)Google Scholar; Couvares, Francis G., The Remaking of Pittsburgh: Class and Culture in an Industrializing City, 18771919 (New York, 1984)Google Scholar; Bensman, David, The Practice of Solidarity: American Hat Finishers in the Nineteenth Century (Urbana, 1985)Google Scholar; Montgomery, David, The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 18651965 (New York, 1987)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.